I thought it would be easier than it was to find a tutorial on this. It is all pretty basic stuff but if you are new to any of this is can be a bit confusing.
For wiring the DS18B20, I referenced Adafruit Learning System even though that is for a Pi, since it is clear what goes where and Adafruit Learning System to help on the Feather side.
The end result looks like this
Then I just used this example MAX31850_DallasTemp/examples/Simple/Simple.pde at master · adafruit/MAX31850_DallasTemp · GitHub and it worked! I know this doesn’t really do anything useful yet, but getting some sensor data is the first step.